奖/助学金能否提高大学生的学业成绩?——以清华大学为例

Effects of Scholarships and Grants on College Students' Academic Achievement：Taking Tsinghua University as an Example

本文以清华大学的学生资助体系为例，通过清华大学2010.2011两个年级6150名学生的跟踪数 据，采用倾向分数配对法，实证检验了奖学金和助学金对学生学业成绩的影响。实证结果显示，学生在往年获 得奖学金能够激励他们在来年取得显著更好的成绩;在控制了其他变量和样本自选择偏差后，助学金在促进学 生学业成绩方面的效果却并不显著。为了能让助学金在促进学生学业方面取得更加显著的效果，今后高校在 资助体系建设上应该注重关心、关注、追踪被资助学生的发展与成长，努力为学生提供合适的“发展机会”资助、 “成长平台”资助，进而建设一个更加有效的学生资助体系。

Taking the financial aid system of Tsinghua University as an example and based on the data of all its college students enrolled in ，2010 and 2011， this study examines the effects of scholarships and grants on students^ academic achievement by using the propensity score matching method The results show that scholarships (merit-based) motivate students to significantly improve academic performance. This is true even though the data were collected after Tsinghua reduced the weight of academic achievement in scholarship decisions. In addition， after controlling for other variables and addressing the self-selection bias of the sample， the study finds that grants (need-based) do not have a significant effect on students^ academic achievement. The results suggest that universities should afford a wider range of financial aid programs for students in poverty， such as a platform for growth and more opportunities for development， so as to improve the student aid system.