英国近现代大学精神的创新

Modern Innovation of University Spirit in UK

近现代以来，英国大学迫于内外部各种压力，经历了一系列变革，如办学理念从自由教育传统到技 术教育与专业教育兼顾;培养目标从最初纯粹的社会精英到具有创业精神的企业家;教育对象从面向少数上层 阶级子女到所有有能力接受高等教育的人;课程设置从最初局限于古典人文学科到自然科学与人文社会科学 并重等。这些变化被认为既是高等教育现代化的结果，也是英国大学精神的创新，但英国传统的大学精神并没 有被完全取代或拋弃。英国大学遵循“渐进式”变革的原则，既反映了它的保守主义传统，也体现了它的与时俱 进精神。

British universities have gone through a series of changes in modern times， owing to various internal and external pressure. For example ^ the educational concept changed from traditional liberal education to technical education and professional education； the objective from developing the elite to developing entrepreneurs； education recipients from a few upper class children to all people capable of receiving higher education； and the curriculum from classical humanities only to equal attention to natural sciences and humanities and social sciences. These changes are considered not only a result of the modernization of higher education， but also an innovation of the British university spirit. However? the traditional British university spirit has not been completely replaced or abandoned. British universities follow the principle of ngradual＂ changes， which reflects both the conservative tradition of the universities and the spirit of keeping pace with the times.