大学制度变革:洪堡及其意义

Institutional Renovations of Universities ： Humboldt and the Meanings

洪堡一生在教育上来去匆匆，在思想上不够高深，在官职上不够显赫，但却创造了柏林大学，成为 德意志古典大学的代名词。其原因在于在洪堡之前哈勒和哥廷根的大学制度创新已经积累了较成熟的经验， 从康德到施莱尔马赫的德意志思想家已经对大学理念进行了深刻的理性探讨，而洪堡则以独特的教育经验和 个性，熔此前的实践和理念为一炉，把大学的理想落实到普鲁士的现实上。洪堡和德意志大学改革的方式是最 值得今天中国借鉴的。

Humboldt? a passer-by in educational history who had not enjoyed a reputation of incisiveness in thoughts and prominence in official status ^ nevertheless becomes the synonym of classical modern university as the founding father of the University of Berlin. Before Humboldt，Kant and Schleiermacher had looked in depth into the ideals of universities? and wide institutional renovations had been achieved in Halle University and Gottingen University. But it was Humboldts combining the ideals and the practices of institutional renovations， who had finally worked out the classical modern university in the context of Prussia society. China will benefit from learning both Humboldt and the institutional renovations of German universities.