强政府、民主、法治——中国大学制度建设的关键

State%2C Democracy and Rule of Law： Three Key Factors in Institutional Arrangements of Chinese Universities

强政府、民主和法治是中国大学制度建设的三个关键因素。强政府是大学发展的积极推动力量，但如果政府管得太多，则容易导致缺乏自主能力的弱大学。民主是大学的组织特性和生存的重要方式，缺乏基层民 主和学术民主容易导致大学的管理偏离学术规律和教育规律。法治是大学治理的重要手段，大学章程是大学实 现依法治校的重要依据，主要意义在于确权、分权和行权。强政府、民主和法治三者，就中国当前的大学制度建设 而言，法治是第一位的。因为只有在法治的轨道上，学术民主才能得到实现，强政府也才能更强。

The States democracy and rule of law are three key factors in the institutional arrangements of Chinese universities. A strong state is a positive driving force for the development of the university， but the university will weaken if the government dominates the relationship. Democracy is necessitated by the fact that the university is an academic institution： a lack of academic autonomy and democracy at the grassroots level will lead the university governance to deviate from academic and educa-tional laws. Rule of law is an important means of university governance. The university charter is the foundation for university governance? and it helps to define， distribute and execute power. Of the three factors，rule of law should come first in the current Chinese higher education system. Only on this basis can academic democracy be fulfilled and a strong state become even stronger.