论我国高等学校管理决策中的票决制与议决制

Voting Mechanism vs. Centralized Decision Mechanism in Higher Learning Institutions

票决制和议决制是高等学校管理决策的两种主要方式。票决制是参与表决者一人一票，每票价值 与作用相同，根据票数多少或得分高低作出决定。议决制是在进行転酿讨论的基础上，会议主持者或者负责人 对决策议题拥有最终决定权，进行最终决策，并对决策结果负有最高或主要责任。两种决策方式具有各自的优 势，并在高等学校的管理实践中获得了重要的实际应用，结合目前高校管理决策实际和已颁布的大学章程文 本，合理运用票决制和议决制，需要在以下方面改进:加强制度设计，完善法律法规，进一步明确学校内部治理 结构与决策机制;科学选择票决成员，精心设计票决规则，提高票决的有效性与科学化水平;提高决策者素质， 完善激励约束机制，充分发挥“议决制”的优势。

Voting and centralized decision are two major mechanisms for making management decisions in higher learning institutions， With the voting mechanism， each person has one vote with the same weight， and decisions are made based on the number of votes. With the centralized decision mechanism， the presiding officer or the person in charge has the final say in decision making and has the highest or main responsibility for decision consequences. The two mechanisms each have their own advantages， disadvantages and applicable conditions， and have important practical applications in the management of higher learning institutions. There exist problems with both mechanisms in the implementation process and the following improvements are suggested: strengthening the system design， improving the relevant laws and regulations， and further clarifying the internal governance structure and decision-making mechanism; choosing voters rationally， designing voting rules carefully， and enhancing the validity of the ballot; improving the quality of decision makers， perfecting the incentive and constraint system， and taking full advantage of the centralized decision mechanism，