美國院校研究領域變遷的專業社會學分析

Research on the Change of Working Areas of Institutional Research in the United States Based on the Sociology of Profession

20 世纪80 年代中后期以来，美国院校研究的领域发生了较大的变迁，由办学效率 转向学校效能。院校研究人员在入学管理及学生学习成果评估事务中的参与越来越多，日益体 现“以学生为中心＂。高校决策者、认证机构及美国院校研究会是院校研究领域变迁的推动力。 变迁导致了院校研究专业的分化，影响了说校研究的专业认同。美国院校研究会开始对院校研 究进行重新界定。

Since 1985， there has been a big change in working areas of institutional researchers in the US. The change is from efficiency issues to effectiveness issues. Institutional researchers have more and more participation in student-centered affairs- enrollment management and student learning outcomes assessment affairs. Campus decision makers， regional accredit organizations and the Association for Institutional Research (AIR) are the main forces for the change. The change is leading to the proliferation of IR and affects the professional identity of IR. In response， AIR is trying to redefine IR and identify the boundaries of IR. So when we discuss IR practices in the US， we should have a dynamic view and understand IR in a special context.