教育生态学视野下基于MOOC的融合式教学模型构建

Integrated Teaching Model Based on Educational Ecology and MOOC

MOOC是在线教育的一种全新形式，具有课程内容短小精良、教学评价客观和学习支持服务多样的优点。相对于面对面课堂教学的计划性和系统性，以及在学生合作精神、情商和道德意识培养，驱散学习孤独感方面的天然优势，“慕课热”的背后仍然存在诸多不足。融合式教学意在将MOOC与课堂教学有机结合，实现传统课程与网络课程，自定步调与交互协作、内容定制与交互讨论等多种教学形式的深度融合，实现比在线教学和面对面教学方式任一种单一进行教学的更好效果。要想让高校课堂发生“传统教学+MOOC”的“蝶变效应”，在实际教学实施过程中需要进行整体规划和系统设计。该文以融合式教学理论与实践为基础，融合后现代课程观和教育生态学的观点，构建基于MOOC的融合式教学生态模型。模型注重教学系统的整体关联和动态平衡，并从系统内部能量流、信息流、知识流、能力流和价值流的指向和转换重新设计教学要素。该研究所构建的模型拓展了MOOC在高校课堂教学改革中的应用范围，可以作为信息技术与课堂深度融合的一个范例，为相关研究与教学实践提供有益的参考。

Massive open online courses (MOOCS) have many characteristics with excellent short course content， teaching evaluation objective， and learning support services diversified. However， compared with face to face learning， MOOC has lots of weak points. Because face to face classroom teaching can make courses planned and systematic， and can also cultivate the spirits of the cooperation， emotional intelligence and moral consciousness， all these can disperse students’ feeling of loneliness. Integrated teaching combines traditional teaching with MOOC is superior to both forms of teaching. Because integrated teaching is the merits of traditional learning and online learning， self-paced learning and collaborated learning， customized learning and interactive learning. In order to maximize this kind of learning， we need to make comprehensive planning and top-level system design of the learning process. Our research bases on the theory and practice of integrated learning， combines the features of post-modern perspective on curriculum and education ecology， in order to build a model of integrated teaching model based on educational ecology and MOOC (ITM model). ITM model attaches importance to the overall relevance and dynamic balance of teaching system， and redesign the teaching elements according the flow of energy， information， knowledge， capacity， and valuation. ITM model not only expands the range of application of MOOC in teaching reform at university， bus also can be a typical example for the combination of information technology and classroom teaching. At last， our model can provide a useful reference for later research.