理解教育技术———从慕课到混合学习，下一步走向何方?

Making Sense of Educational Technology: From MOOCs to Blended Learning-Where Next?

本文首先回顾了慕课现象，概述了从2008 年出现第一代联通主义慕课至今的发展历史。文章参 照加德纳技术成熟度周期理论和穆尔技术采用周期理论，阐释了慕课带来的影响。文章认为，尽管慕课在引导 高校开展在线学习方面产生了重要影响，但相比高等教育领域，慕课在继续教育和技能发展领域将有更好的前 景。文章第二部分探讨了混合学习:回顾了在线学习和面授教学相对优势的相关研究，探讨了21 世纪大学毕业 生所需要的技能。文章得出的结论是:未来取决于混合学习。这意味着要重新设计教学过程，加强网上教学，而 在学生认为特别具有挑战性的学术知识习得和技能发展方面，要保持面对面的教学互动。

The paper first reviews the MOOCs phenomenon， outlining its history from the first connnectivist MOOCs of 2008 until the present day. The impact of MOOCs is interpreted with reference to both the Gartner Hype Cycle and Moore's Technology Adoption Cycle. We conclude that MOOCs will have a bigger future in continuing education and skills development than in higher education， although an important impact of MOOCs has been to lead universities to take online learning seriously in their regular programs. The second part of the paper examines the approaches called blended learning. It reviews the research on the relative strengths of online and face-to-face teaching， examines the skills that graduates will need in the 21st century， and concludes that the future lies in hybrid learning. This means redesigning the teaching learning process to do most teaching online， reserving face -to -face interaction for aspects of academic knowledge and skills development that students find particularly challenging.