以海洋法系概念省思我國大學學生在學權利之維護

The reflections on the concept of the sea law department to safeguard the rights of students in higher education institute in Taiwan

我國高等教育經營已漸漸從以行政管理為中心轉而以學生需求為中心，重視對學生的權利及其維護。因此，本文主要研究目的旨在以海洋法系概念省思我國大學學生在學權利之維護。本研究方法乃是透過文獻探討，首先探討海洋法系大學學生在學權利內涵之演進；其次，以美國、英國、澳洲三國為例，對於海洋法系國家對大學學生在學權利維護之趨勢進行探究；第三，藉由美英澳三國經驗對於當前我國對大學學生核心權利、公民權利、保障權利三項在學權利維護進行省思。最後，根據省思結果，在核心權利方面，大學應在實質教育內容中以促進學生個人之自我實現為教育目的；根據學生與社會期待回應學生需求；思考高等教育經費分配政策之合理性。在公民權利方面，大學應公開會計或財務資訊、校內重大會議記錄等重要資訊；協助並授權學生會進行學生自治活動，以加強學生參與的深度、力道及影響程度。就保障權利方面，大學可致力於維持獎懲制度及申訴程序的完整性、即時處理各項獎懲及申訴案件、維持暢通且多元的申訴管道、提供多元的銷過措施及落實學生訴願或行政訴訟後行政法院之裁決等方式來使學生救濟權獲得實質保障。

The higher education operations have gradually turned the administration of executive-centered into student-centered demands in Taiwan， and pay more attention on the student rights’ safeguard. Therefore， the main purpose of this article is intended to reflect on the concept of the sea law department to students rights’ safeguard in higher education institute. The research methods include three parts literature review . Firstly， to explore the evolution of the Law Department of the rights of students in higher education institute; Secondly， to explore the trends of the student rights’ safeguard in higher education institute in the view of states of the sea law department include United States， Britain， Australia; Thirdly， based on experiences of the three countries， to reflect on the core rights ， civil rights and security rights of students in higher education institute. Finally， according to the results According to the results of reflection， in respect of core rights， higher education institute should promote substantive educational content for students' individual self-fulfillment from educational purposes; to respond the needs of students by the expectation of students and society; to think rational allocation of higher education fund policy. In respect of civil rights， higher education institute should disclosure accounting or financial information， important information about the school records and other major conferences; to assist and authorize students conduct student autonomy activities and strengthen the depth of students' participation and impact. In respect of the protection rights， higher education institute is committed to maintain the integrity of the reward system and appeals procedures; to process of the reward and appeal cases immediately; to maintain smooth and diverse appeal pipelines; to provide diverse off-off measures and implement student appeal or administrative proceedings after administrative Court's ruling and other ways to enable students to obtain substantive relief right protection.