台灣高等教育問題與改善策略

The Challenges and reform strategies of higher-education in Taiwan

台灣高等教育近幾年，在少子化、市場化、自由化、國際化的衝擊之下，面臨前所未有的困境。本文首先舉出當前臺灣高等教育所面臨的五大困境為：大專院校數量在教育自由化之下快速擴大，使高教資源受排擠且不足；少子化的社會性人口結構問題，導致高教生源短缺，規模太小經營困難；高教無法跟上全球經濟的腳步，以致學用落差讓畢業生就業供需失衡；通識教育不彰，高等教育無法培育優質的公民素養；高教所培育的人才在全球專業化的市場中缺乏國際競爭力。其次，本文針對台灣高等教育相關問題，提出五個必須的改善策略為：高等教育須與人口問題及人才培育做整合思考；強調經濟規模與提高內部效率；高等教育必須負起培育優質公民素養的功能；培養學以致用的高級人才資源；強化全球流動的國際競爭能力。最後，本文提出台灣高等教育的問題唯有從人口結構問題、經濟層面、公民核心素養與全球競爭能力等多方面思索與改善，才能使台灣高等教育長久發展並永續培養出具有全球競爭力的優質人才。

Recently， under the impact of low-birth rate， market-oriented， liberalization， and internationalization， higher education is facing unprecedented difficulties. This article cited current five dilemmas about higher education we face in Taiwan. For example， the number of university education surges under the liberalization of education， which leads to the lack of resources of higher education. Besides， the issue of demographic structure resulted from low-birth rate also causes the shortage of higher educated manpower， or brings about difficulty in the operation of higher education due to its limited scale. In addition， higher education can’t keep up with the growth of global economies， which makes graduates from higher education fail to meet the requirements of job markets because of the gap between knowledge and application. If we take the failure of general education into consideration， it’s not surprising that higher education can’t cultivate expected civic literacy. That is why among the turnover of global professionals， those educated by Taiwan’s higher education are short of international competitiveness. Therefore， what we need to tackle with at present is to solve the problems of our higher education. The strategies to improve our higher education are the integrated thinking between population issues and manpower cultivation， strengthened economy scale， and enhanced internal efficiency. Moreover， higher education must be responsible for cultivating civic literacy so as to breed premium manpower that can put knowledge into practice， and thus meet the requirements of international market needs. Only from demographic structure， economy perspectives， civic literacy， and competence can we find out the practical way of sustainable development for higher education as well as national manpower cultivation.