农村家庭义务教育的区位选择

Ｒural Households’Location Choice for Compulsory Education

农村家庭对子女义务教育就学地点的区位选择是一个事关农村学校布局、教育发展和民生利益的 重要议题。利用全国11 省区的调研数据，研究发现，农村家庭对义务教育需求的区位选择呈现出差异化特征， 近八成的农村家庭希望子女就读于城镇学校，但仍有两成的农村家庭希望子女就读于农村学校。基于二元逻 辑回归分析发现，子女就读学段、家庭经济状况、父母外出务工状况、父母对优质教育的渴求、是否希望子女在 校寄宿、家庭所在区域、是否经历学校布局调整等因素显著影响农村家庭义务教育需求的区位选择。本研究之 政策启示是: 既要看到农村教育城镇化的趋势和复杂性，又要看到农村学校对社会弱势群体的重要价值。同 时，应高度重视乡镇学校在农村教育发展中的“调节器”功能。

Ｒural households’school location choice for their children’s compulsory education is an important topic which is related to the distribution of rural schools，rural education development and people＇s livelihood． Using survey data from 11 provinces，we find that nearly 80% of the rural families would like their children to enroll in urban schools，while the rest 20% prefer rural schools． Binary logistic regression analysis indicates that many factors significantly affect rural families’choice of urban or rural education: which grade a child is in，family income，whether parents are migrant workers，parents’desire for quality education，parents’preference for a boarding school，where a family lives，and whether a school has experienced school redistribution． The implications of the study are: we should not only notice the trend and complexity of the urbanization of rural education，but also pay attention to the values of rural schools to socially vulnerable groups． Moreover，we should attach importance to the“regulator”function of town schools in the development of rural education．