加拿大历史上统一招生考试的兴废及启示———基于制度变迁理论的分析

Ｒise and Fall of SACU Test in Canada and Its Implications ———From the Perspective of Institution Change Theory

加拿大曾经于上世纪60 年代末推行高校招生统一入学考试，然而仅仅维持四年就遭遇夭折。本 文基于制度变迁理论对加拿大历史上的统一招生考试进行描述和分析，指出人口数量激增、高教资源短缺、招 生效率偏低等是此新制度产生的诱致因素; 继而对新的考试制度实施进行了历时分析，认为该制度构建失灵的 主要原因在于缺少领导制度变革的核心人物及行动团体、预期制度收益较低、制度创新能力不足、路径依赖制 约等。最后分析了加拿大案例对推进我国高考制度改革的启示与思考，包括要形成具有执行力的初级行动团 体，制定切实可行的高考制度变迁方案; 降低新制度的运行成本，提高运行效率; 优化制度环境，加强制度创新 能力; 最后还应正视路径依赖的影响。

The SACU test in Canada was implemented in late 1960’s and lasted only four years． This paper first analyzed the reasons for its appearance: the population influx after WWII，shortage of higher education resources， and low efficiency of the admissions process played the major role in the implementation of the test． The paper then described the implementation process and put forward reasons for its malfunction: the lack of leaders with entrepreneurship and of a primary action group，low anticipated institution revenue，shortage of institution innovation abilities，and constraints of path dependence． Lastly，the paper analyzed the implications the Canadian case has for China’s current College Entrance Examination reform．