中国与印度高等教育改革中的国家角色

Higher Education Ｒeform in China and India: the Ｒole of the State

近年来，关于中国和印度“崛起”的讨论声势愈烈，两国在各方面受到的关注也越来越多，其中便包 括高等教育。中国和印度的高等教育均具有悠久历史，但其发展却呈现出不同轨迹。在此过程中，儒家文化和 教会学校起到了什么作用? 高等教育大众化在两国推广的历程为何不同? 大学的性质及行政权力分配如何决 定了高等学府的发展道路? 教育资源分布不均和种姓制度产生了什么影响? 两国高等教育应该如何达到国际 化，实现创新? 本文以中印两国国家角色为立足点，采用比较视野，从历史、政治与社会三方面对两国高等教育 现状进行了考察。

In recent years，the“rise”of China and India has become a hot topic and more attention has been paid to the two countries in a range of aspects including higher education． China and India are both noted for their long histories of higher education，whose development，however，followed divergent tracks． Several questions are raised about this process． What was the effect of pre-modern imperial rule and the introduction of Christian schools? Why is the outcome of recent massification of higher education drives so distinct in the two countries? How does the distribution of administrative power affect the present and future of their institutions of higher education? What influence do the caste system and the uneven distribution of educational resources have? Adopting a comparative perspective，the article discusses these issues of history，politics and society in terms of the role that the state plays in the development of higher education in China and India．