现象图析学视域下的西方大学教学研究：观点、进展及问题

Research on Learning and Teaching in Higher Education in the Perspective of Phenomenography

现象图析学是西方大学学习与教学研究主要的理论基础。现象图析学作为一种学习理论与研究范式从联系和感知的视角重新解释学习，强调情境的作用和学习者的立场，推进了大学学习与教学研究的繁荣。现象图析学在大学学习与教学研究中的应用包括大学师生的教学方式及其影响因素、教学信念、教学环境感知，以及教学结果。未来进行现象图析学研究应该注意其在情境、文化、国别、解释性与实证性矛盾等方面存在的问题。

Phenomenography is the theoretical basis for research on learning and teaching in higher education learning in Western countries. As a learning theory and a research approach，phenomenography explains learning in the perspective of relation and perception，and emphasizes the role of situation and learner. Therefore， phenomenography is well suitable for research on learning in higher education. The application of phenomenography in higher education research includes college teachers’and students’approaches to teaching and learning and the affecting factors，conceptions of teaching and learning，perceptions of teaching and learning environment， and learning outcome. Future phenomenographic research should consider issues such as situation，culture，and the dilemma of the“interpretative”and the“positive”