中国公立高校与学生法律关系变迁的多重制度逻辑

The Multiple Institutional Logics in the Transformation of Legal Relationship between Chinese Public University and Its Students

20 世纪90 年代以前， 我国公立高校与学生的法律关系属于典型的特别权力关系， 它被排除在 “法治国”的基本精神之外而成为法治的“真空地带”。此后，该制度场域受到国家逻辑、法院逻辑、社会逻辑、 大学逻辑以及学生个体逻辑等多重制度逻辑互动的深刻影响而不断演进。当前，我国公立高校与学生法律 关系整体上还属于修正的特别权力关系，公立高校学生权利的法律救济还存在诸多现实障碍。需要通过国 家监督（包括立法规制、政府监督与司法审查等）、社会干预与大学自治之间关系的动态平衡，形成多重制度 逻辑的良性互动关系，从而推动公立高校法治秩序之建构，并最终促使公立高校与学生的法律关系从“隶 属”走向“平权”，从“高校权力本位”走向“学生权利本位”，从“制度文本”走向“权利实践”。

Before the 1990s， the legal relationship between Chinese public university and its students had been featured by the typical Special Authoritative Relationship， which was excluded from the basic spirit of ＂Rule of Law＂ and became a ＂Vacuum Zone＂. Thereafter， the legal relationship between Chinese public university and its students developed continuously under the influence of multiple institutional logics， such as national logic， court logic， social logic， university logic and the individual logic of students. The interaction between different institutional logics by different actors shaped the tension structure of specific institutional field. At present， the legal relationship between the university and its students is a revised version of special authoritative relationship. The judicial remedy of students' rights is still faced with a lot of realistic obstacles. A benign mutual interaction between multiple institutional logics can be established by striking the dynamic balance among national supervision（including legislative regulation， government supervision and judicial review）， social intervention and university autonomy. In this way， the relationship between Chinese public university and its students will be transformed from subjection to equality， from power-oriented to student-oriented， and from institutional text to rights practice.