国外儿童美术教育发展愿景及其影响因素研究

Research on the Vision of Foreign Art Education Development and its Infl uencing Factors

：20 世纪的美术教育发展历程中，出现了几种主要的美术教育潮流，为美术教育提 供了发展前景。儿童艺术发展阶段理论以罗恩菲尔德为代表，影响美术教育长达半个多世 纪。然而，近年来金德勒等提出的儿童艺术发展图谱模式，对上述阶段理论作出挑战，强调 社会文化环境对儿童艺术发展的重要作用。20 世纪90 年代以来，美术教育领域对视觉文化 的关注，体现出对社会文化环境的重视。艺术学习的跨文化研究，支持文化对儿童绘画发展 的影响，批评儿童绘画发展遵循严格阶段的观点。认知领域新的研究，也支持了社会环境对 儿童艺术学习的驱动作用。我们认为美术教育应对上述理论研究新动向有所反馈，从课程 与教学等方面做出相应调整，使美术教育的实践与专业艺术、社会学和认知科学诸领域的发 展同步。

There are several major art education trends in the development of art education of the 20th century. They provide some potential of vision to the development of art education in the future. Children's art development stage theory proposed by Lowenfeld has influenced art education for more than half a century. In recent years， however， it is challenged by Kindler’ map model of children's art development. They emphasized the social and cultural environment. Since the 1990s， the attention to visual culture in art education domain refl ected the emphasis on social and cultural environment. The cross-cultural research of art learning supported the cultural infl uence on the development of children's painting and criticized the idea of children's painting development follow strict phase. The research of cognitive fi eld supported the driving action of social environment for children's art learning. We believe that art education should make a feedback on the new trends above. We should make the practice of the art education and development in the fi eld of professional art， sociology， and cognitive science phase synchronization from the perspectives of curriculum and teaching.