美国大学社会捐赠良性生态系统形成及特征

Environmental Construction and Features of An Optimum Eco-system for Social Donation to American Universities

良性生态系统形成及运行是美国大学社会捐赠长盛不衰的根本原因。在美国大学 社会捐赠系统环境构成中经济是捐赠系统的物质基础，宗教文化传统是捐赠系统的思想基础， 社会相关运动是捐赠系统生成的催化剂，国家相关制度安排是捐赠系统运行的保障。美国大学 社会捐赠系统与经济、宗教文化传统、社会运动及相关制度等环境因素相互影响、相互作用，有 机整合衍生演化形成了社会捐赠——社会环境激励、支持——社会捐赠发展——大学发 展——服务社会和捐赠者的功能增强——社会和捐赠者发展——更多社会捐赠的良性循环的 生态律动系统，呈现出整体性、社会性、动态性、适应性与开放性、持续性的良性生态系统特征。

The formation and operation of an optimum eco—system is the fundamental reason for the prosper— ousness of donation to American universities. In the social environment for donation， economy is the substantial basis; religious and cultural tradition is the mental basis; social activities are the catalyst; and national policy arrangement is the guarantee for generation and operation of donation. In donation activities，donators and beneficiaries are influenced by economical， religious and cultural tradition，social movement and national policy; they also affect the element mentioned above. Social donation can stimulate university development，bring benefits to society and repay donators，thus leading to more donation. All these elements form an optimum eco-system. This eco—system is integrated，social，dynamic，open，adaptive，multiple and comprehensive.