国外中小学教师职后评价政策与实施经验

The Teacher Appraisal Policies and Practices in Elementary and Middle Schools Abroad

教师职后评价有绩效考核和促进发展两大目的，在时间安排上有试用期评价、常规评价和奖励晋升评价，在参与方式上有强制性评价和自愿评价。教师职后评价政策与一国的教育管理模式紧密相关，集权制与分权制国家在评价政策上差异明显。为保障教师职后评价的有效开展，各国积极推动确立发展与考核并重的评价观，建立专业化的评价队伍，开发多样化的评价工具，并将评价结果运用于个人专业发展与学校的发展决策。

Teacher appraisal refers to the evaluation of individual teachers to judge their performance and/or provide feedback to help improve their practice. There are a range of different approaches for teacher appraisal such as appraisal in the end of a probationary period；appraisal as part of performance management; appraisals for promotion and reward schemes; and appraisals by mandatory and voluntary participation. The policies of teacher appraisal are closely related to educational management models， especially to centralization and decentralization of state. To implement teacher appraisal， we should establish the value of balance on accountability and development， form professional evaluation team， develop various evaluation tools， and connect the teacher evaluation results with personal and school development.