当代日本教育体系改革的理论基础

The Theoretical Base of Contemporary Education System Reform in Japan

20世纪70年代以来，日本在推行“第三次教育改革”的进程中，把构建新型教育体 系作为一项重要的政策性课题，提出了建立终身学习体系和个性化教育体系的思想。在指导日 本教育体系改革上，终身教育理论、个性化教育理论和新自由主义思想起到了重要作用。终身 教育理论凭借其“统合”原理，构成了日本批判学历社会弊端而主张建设终身学习社会、批判学 校教育体系臃肿化而主张建立终身学习体系的理论工具。个性化教育理论依据其“个性主义” 原理，构成了日本批判学校教育的划一性、僵硬性和封闭性，主张建立个性化教育体系的理论 基础。新自由主义思想基于缓和管制及选择自由的观点，构成了日本开展教育体系改革的逻辑 起点。

Since the early 1970s，in the process of third educational reform， Japan took building a new education system as an important policy issue， proposed to establish lifelong learning system and the idea of a personalized education system. In guiding the reform of the Japanese education system， lifelong education theory， individualized educational theory and neoliberal ideology played important roles. Through ＂integration＂ principle， lifelong education theory constitutes a theoretical tool with which to criticize the shortcomings of Japanese diploma-based society and advocate establishing a lifelong learning society， and also to criticize the bloated school system and advocate the construction of lifelong learning system. Based on ＂individualism＂ principles， individualized educational theory constitutes a theoretical foundation for criticizing Japanese monotonous， rigid and closed school education characters while advocating the establishment of an individualized education system. Based on positions of relaxing control and freedom of choice，Neoliberalism constitutes the logical starting point of Japanese educational system reform.