寻求通识与专业的平衡--美国高校双专业教育的挑战与应对策略

Seeking Balance between General Education and Specialized Education ： Challenges and Strategies of Double Majors Programs in the United States

美国高校双专业教育在规模迅速扩大的同时，也受到来自通识教育支持者的质疑 和挑战：深度专业化与通识教育理念相悖；专业学习负担过重不利于通识教育的开展;过强的 工具性目的与通识教育目标背道而驰;通识教育体系下专业的核心地位产生动摇。为此，美国 高校的双专ik教育一直在通识和专亚之间寻求均衡发展，进行着卓有成效的尝试:规范双专业 要求和申请程序；限制学生修读专业的数量；提倡兴趣导向的专业选择;探索个性化的跨学 科项目等。

‘Double Major’ programs in the United States have expanded rapidly during the last decades because of their advantages in meeting individual interests，fostering creativities，promoting social skills，helping self-fulfillment and so on. However， 'Double Major' programs attract critics because of potential conflicts with the ideas of General Education，for example，intensive hyper-specialize is inconsistent with the idea of general education; heavy load of study makes it difficult to realize general education; strong instrumental goals are contrary to general education; the role of majors is challenged in the system of general education. Some selective universities in the United States are making big efforts to seek balance between general education and specialized education， such as standardizing prerequisites and application procedure，forbidding students to learn three or more majors simultaneously; encouraging students to learn double majors for interests， and exploring individual interdisciplinary program.