公民正义感及其超越:公民教育的双重任务

Citizens' Righteousness and Its Exceeding：The Dual Task of Citizenship Education

古典公民建立在古典共和主义基础上，现代意义上的公民则启蒙于自由主义，以自由主义为主导。自 由主义的公民追求权力和利益的平等，因此，公民正义感以互利为核心，这是成为公民的必要条件，也是公民德性 的底线要求。但互利的正义感不仅是有条件的，而且过于关注利益的分配，是有局限性的。克服其局限性，必须超 越单纯的正义感的互利性，以相互善意弥补和完善之。培养公民的正义感，是公民教育的首要任务，但不能只限于 正义感，还必须超越正义感，培养公民的同情心、友爱和责任感。

Classical citizenship is based on the classical republicanism，while modern citizenship is derived from liberalism and liberalism-orientated. Citizens in the notion of liberalism pursue the equality of rights and benefits. Therefore， citizens' righteousness centers on mutual benefits，which constructs the necessary condition of becoming a citizen and is the minimum requirement of citizens' moral integrity. However，righteousness based on mutual benetits has its limitation due to its demand for certain conditions and overemphasis on the allocation of interests. In order to overcome the limitation，we must exceed the mutual benetits towards mutual good. It is the basic task of citizenship education to not only cultivate but exceed citizens' righteousness. Citizenship education should develop citizens' sympathy，friendliness and sense of responsibility.