基于教育效能的课程实施情境测量：以PISA 为例

Measurement of Curriculum Implementation Context Based on Educational Effectiveness: Taking PISA as an Example

学习是在一定情境中发生的，测量课程实施的情境，有助于理解情境对学生表现 的影响。因此PISA 测评除了对阅读、数学和科学能力进行评价外，还开发了基于教育效能 的课程实施情境测量，研制了测评工具。PISA 基于教育效能等相关研究，结合教育实践，构 建了理论框架。在理论框架的指引下，进行测评工具的研制，整个研制过程包括：确定研究 主题、开发变量、设计题目、试测、分析试测数据、再试测到最终形成测评工具。PISA 的情境 测评工具研制给我们的启示是：每一轮测评聚焦于一个学科领域，重视非认知结果的测评， 问题描述方法的多样性和适切性。

Learning takes place under certain context. Measuring the context of curriculum implementation helps understand its impact on students’performance. Thus， in addition to evaluating competences of reading， mathematics and science， PISA develops measurement of curriculum implementation context based on Educational Effectiveness Research and also develops measuring tool. The knowledge base of measurement is Educational Effectiveness Research and related researches. Combining the education practice， it constructs the theoretical framework， and based on which it turns to the development of measuring tool. The whole development process includes setting research themes， developing variables， designing questions， pre-piloting， analyzing the data of pre-pilot， testing again and finally formulating the measuring tool. The development of PISA context measuring tool gives us implications : focusing on one major domain or subject in each cycle; attaching more importance to non-cognitive outcomes; the diversity and appropriateness of questions description method.