培训师制度的国际视野及对我国培训师制度设计的启示

The International Prospective of Trainer System and Its Enlightenment on Construction of Chinese Trainer System

培训师职业对于推动我国建设成为学习型社会意义重要。我国培训师制度设计的缺乏，已导致培训师行业出现一些问题，如质量体系不完善、培训师与培训机构委托代理关系不清晰、缺乏政府监管与行业规范等。本文选择西方发达国家(美国、德国、澳大利亚)的培训师行业为研究对象，分别从政府引导监督制度、行业规范协调制度、执业资格制度、市场准入制度以及相关配套制度五个方面，分析西方国家的培训师制度设计思想。在此基础上，文章提出了我国培训师制度设计的建议:首先，政府参与，严格规定培训师执业资格与培训机构市场准入制度;其次，建立培训师与培训机构之间的契约关系，清晰培训师与培训机构的权利义务;第三，培育专业化协会，深化行业协会的质量监管和标准制定;最后，完善培训师国家职业标准，向国际化标准看齐。

On the act of changing China to a learning society， trainers can play an increasingly important role. China is abundant with human resources. There are numerous employees， but the quality of those employees is relatively low. It is urgent for enterprises to turn from quantity advantages of human resources to the quality advantage. The role of trainer and its corresponding responsibility is important. At present， the lack of training system in our country leads to some significant challenges， such as imperfect quality system， unclear principal-agent relationship between trainer and training institutions， and the lack of government supervision and industry standard. This paper studied the existing problems of the training industry by conducting surveys and interviews with 38 trainers. This paper chose the training industries of western developed countries such as the United States， Germany， Australia as the research object， analyzed them respectively from the following five aspects: supervision system of government guidance， industry standard coordinate system， the professional qualification system， market access system， and the relevant supporting systems. This article summed up the successful experience of western countries， then proposed several trainer system design recommendations. First of all， government participation is important， which can strictly regulate trainer qualifications and training organizations market access system. Second， establishing the contract relationship is necessary， which can clearly define the rights and obligations of trainers and training institutions. Third， promoting the professional association can deepen formulation of quality supervision and standard of industry association. Finally， it is important to adopt international occupational standards， instead of national standards， for the training division.