高等教育信息化及其发展趋势———访美国高等教育信息化协会主席戴安娜·亚伯林格博士

The Trends of Information Technology in Higher Education: An Interview with the President of EDU-CAUSE%2C Dr. Diana Oblinger

如何设计、利用信息技术提高学习绩效一直是数字化学习研究的焦点。本团队从学习科学视角 入手，以“语义图示”为技术着力点，试图通过对图示方式的探索以及图示技术的设计与开发，增强信息技术支 持的学习方式并提高数字化学习效果。理论上，在认知任务更为复杂的计算机支持的协作学习中，语义图示有 潜力缓解认知负担从而为协作任务提供支持。本文试图探查作为可视化技术的图示方式与工具在远程协作学 习中的使用成效，以了解图示工具在协作学习过程中的使用特点，深入挖掘图示方式与工具在协作学习中的潜 力。论文通过文献与理论研究提出假设，采用干预自然教学情境的设计研究方法，将图示工具与方法应用于协 作任务设计中，通过观察与访谈收集数据，并对数据进行质性分析以说明问题。研究结果表明：在协作任务中， 图示方式与工具可以直观明了地呈现内容，并能辅助沟通，缓解学习者认知负荷。其具体表现形式和功用与学 习任务、环境与条件有关。初步结论是：图示方式与工具可以通过平衡工作记忆、聚焦思考，促进理解与认知并 辅助表达;在协作沟通中，图示工具的使用扩展了沟通方式，有助于提高沟通效果。

EDUCAUSE is one of the most influential professional organizations in the field of information technology in higher education all over the world. The current membership of EDUCAUSE comprises over 2 ，400 colleges， universities and education organizations， including 250 corporations. Dr. Diana Oblinger joined EDUCAUSE in 2004 as a vice president and was named president in 2008. Under her leadership， the association has seen sizable growth in membership， new programs， and influence. Previously， Dr. Oblinger held positions in academia and business ： Vice President for Information Resources and the Chief Information Officer for the University of North Carolina system， Executive Director of Higher Education for Microsoft， and IBM Director of the Institute for Academic Technology. As the president， Dr. Oblinger created the EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative (ELI) with the focus on millennial students and how information technology could be used to enhance their learning. She also launched the Next Generation Learning Challenges ( NGLC) ， which provides grants for transformational technology - mediated programs in post - secondary and secondary institutions. These efforts change the focus of IT practice in higher education from administration to teaching and learning.During the 2014 annual conference of EDUCAUSE which was held in Orlando ， from September 29 to October 2 ， 2014， one of the authors had the opportunity to meet with Dr. Diana Oblinger and interviewed her about information technology in higher education. During the one-hour meeting， Dr. Oblinger introduced the main things that EDUCAUSE does to advance higher education， explained the core value of EDUCAUSE with the phrase of “ uncommon thinking for common good'、， and expressed her thinking about the trends and issues of technology innovation in the field of higher education， particularly in the field of teaching and learning. During the meeting， she also described the evolving role of information technology professionals in higher education and the qualities that a CIO should have， shared her professional experiences in the various fields including information technology industry， higher education institutions and non -profit organizations such as EDUCAUSE， and provided her comments on some of the emerging technologies in the field of teaching and learning， including analytics， dashboard， business intelligence， and so on. In the end of the meeting， Dr. Oblinger provided her own personal suggestions for the development of information technology in higher education in China.