大学生存危机来临还是高等教育普及开始——大学慕课研究与实践的转向与未来走向

Crisis of Survival of University is Coming or Popularization of Higher Education is Beginning —Turn and Future Direction of Research and Practice of MOOC

慕课是课程环境、课程条件和课程技术等课程变革因素发展到变革阶段时应课程发展需求而形成的课程新形态。该文从大学使命、课程功能和高等教育普及的视角，比较了慕课等线上课程形态与线下课程形态在课程功能实现方面的区别与联系，分析了课程功能、大学使命和高等教育发展之间的关系，探究了慕课在大学的课程功能、大学使命和高等教育发展中的现实与潜在价值，证实了慕课可以帮助大学履行新的使命而不是带来生存危机，可以推动高等教育普及尤其是弱势或边缘群体的高等教育机会而不是引发教育变革，提出慕课应由与大学内部线下课程竞争转向发挥优势服务大学外部群体，应由挑战既有高等教育体系转向推动高等教育普及和提升弱势与边缘群体的高等教育机会，建议慕课研究和慕课实践跨出线下课程的边界，实现课程在大学使命和高等教育发展中尚未实现的功能。

As a kind of new form of curriculum， MOOC formed from environment， conditions and technology of curriculum when these innovative factors came to innovative stage due to needs for curriculum’s development. This paper， based on perspectives of university mission， curriculum function and higher education popularization， by comparing the realization of function of offline and online curriculum and analyzing the relationship of university mission， curriculum function and higher education development to explore the actual and potential value of MOOC for them. MOOC was confirmed to help university to fulfill the new mission instead of crisis of survival and facilitate the popularization of high education especially the chance of marginal and disadvantaged people instead of causing innovation of education. A conclusion that MOOC should turn to serve people outside university and facilitate the popularization of high education and chance of marginal and disadvantaged people was provided. It is advised that the research and practice of MOOC should go out of the boundary of offline curriculum to realize curriculum functions that’s never come true on university mission and higher education development.