初始稟賦、資源配置、教育擴展與教育公平--關于教育不平等影響因素實證研究的述評

Endowment%2CResource Allocation%2CEducational Expansion and Educational Equality:A Review of Empirical Studies on the Determinants of Educational Inequality

降低教育不平等是世界各國政府和社會關注的民生問題，不但在社會學和教育學界一直備受關注，在經濟學界近年來也成為研究熱點。本文旨在通過評述有關教育不平等影響因素的實證研究，從初始稟賦、教育資源配置和教育擴展三方面闡明它們對教育不平等的影響作用，并在此基礎上提出目前該領域研究的主要問題以及可繼續研究的方向。對導致教育不平等的根源的研究，有利于政府切實具體地從各因素入手來減少教育差距、增加教育公平，從而減少收入差距、促進經濟發展，這對保障社會公平、構建社會主義和諧社會具有十分重要的意義。

Reducing educational inequality has always been a critical concern of almost every govern-ment and society in the world.It has long been an important research topic in Sociology and Pedagogy， and has become an increasingly popular topic in Economics as well.This paper first reviews various em-pirical studies on the determinants of educational inequality from three aspects:endowment，resource allocation in education，and educational expansion.It further explores maj or problems with current studies and provides suggestions for future research.Finding out causes of educational inequality helps governments make appropriate and effective policies that can efficiently reduce educational gap and im-prove educational equality，and thus reduce income inequality and increase economic growth.It also has significant policy implications for securing social equality and promoting social harmony.