中國地區間與性別間的教育公平測度：2002-2012年--基于人口受教育年限的基尼系數分析

Estimating Educational Equality between Regions and Genders in China---Based on Gini Coefficients of Education from 2002 to 2012

實現教育公平是全面建設小康社會的根本要求，也是未來深化教育綜合領域改革的基本價值取向。本文使用2002-2012年受各級教育程度的人口分布數據，探討了中國分地區、分性別人口教育基尼系數的動態變化趨勢，并將教育基尼系數在性別間進行分解。研究發現，中國的教育發展成就和教育公平程度得到了顯著的提高；北部地區的教育發展水平明顯高于南部地區，教育不公平程度呈現出西高東低的趨勢；性別間教育發展差距呈收斂趨勢，但地區間教育發展差距有所擴大。

Education equality is a fundamental requirement for building a moderately prosperous so-ciety and the basic value orientation in furthering education reform in the future.Using distribution da-ta of education in China from 2002 to 2012，this paper calculated the Gini coefficient of education across gender and region.Based on hierarchical clustering analysis between regions and decomposition of the Gini coefficient of education，the study found that China's education achievement and education equality improved significantly between 2002 and 2012，education attainment was significantly higher in the north than in the south，education inequality was more serious in? the west? than in the east，and the gender gap of education narrowed year by year while the regional gap of education slightly expanded.