美国“国家教育进展评估”的特点与局限解析

The Characteristics and Limitations of the National Assessment of Educational Progress（NAEP）in the United States

“国家教育进展评估”是目前美国国内最权威的中小学生学业成就评价系统，也是美国教育政策制定与改进和教育研究的重要信息源。“国家教育进展评估”在实践过程中存在显著优势与隐性问题并存的特征，具体表现为：评价组织的协作化优势与灵活性不足问题并存；基于课程标准评价的科学性优势与学科命题技术欠缺问题并存；评价功能的多样性优势与效度缺失问题并存；分层评价的信息量优势与评估结果的可比性问题并存以及报告反馈的低风险性优势与信息模糊问题并存。

National Assessment of Educational Progress （NAEP）is currently the most authoritative student achievement evaluation system in the United States. It is also an important information source for the American educational research as well as the national education policy formulation and improvement. In practice，the advantages and disadvantages of the NAEP coexist，including five aspects：the organization system's collaboration advantage and the flexibility shortage coexist；the curriculum standard based assessment's scientific advantage and the proposition technology lack coexist；the diversity of assessment function advantage and lack of validity problem coexist；the layered assessment's information quantity advantage and the results comparability problem coexist；the low-stakes of the feedback and the information blur problem coexist.