德国一流大学如何选校长？———海德堡大学的个案分析

How is the President of a First-class University in Germany Elected？ ———A Case Study of Heidelberg University

对海德堡大学校长的选拔与任命由不同的机构负责：由评议会、大学理事会和州政府代表组成的遴选委员会负责选拔与提名，大学理事会负责选举，评议会和州科学部负责认可，巴登—腾堡州州长负责任命。这些机构既分工也合作，有助于选出同时得到政府、社会和大学认可的校长。这种校长选任制度既尊重大学的自治权，又允许政府和社会可以对校长选任施加恰当的影响；既保证让大学里的不同群体民主参与决策，同时又基于教授治校的传统赋予教授群体最大的影响力。海德堡大学校长选任制度对我国大学校长选任制度的改革和发展具有重要的参考价值。

The election and appointment of the president of Heidelberg University are respectively in the charge of different organs. The selection committee，composed of representatives from the senate，the university board and the state government，is responsible for proposing presidential candidate. The university board is responsible for the election which should be confirmed by the senate and the Ministry of Science. The prime minister of the state government is responsible for the appointment. Thanking to such cooperation among these institutions a president can be elected who is approved by government and society as well as university. This system of president election respects the autonomy of the university，gives the government and society the possibility of exerting certain influence at the same time. It grants all groups the right to the democratic participation，and meanwhile maximizes the professors' influence based on the tradition of university administration by the professors. For the reform and further development of the president election and appointment system of the Chinese universities，the German model has an important reference value.