美国新自由主义对学术自由的影响———以加州大学伯克利分校的诺华合约案为例

The Effect of Neoliberalism on Academic Freedom in USA： Based on the Novartis case at UC Berkley

20世纪80年代之后，美国新自由主义的政策转向促使大学与企业界的合作加强。大学通过企业所需要的项目研发和技术转移获得外部收益。伯克利和诺华公司在签订合约过程中未履行正当的程序，与伯克利师生意愿相违，从而引发了历时数年的争议。诺华合约案是一案多例：涉及学术自由的诸多新问题，如学术自由的正当性（学术研究的目的是无私探究，还是谋利）、学术自由的制度基础（教师参与管理、同行评议）、学术事务的决策权（谁有权决定研究的方向与内容）等。加州大学和美国大学教授联合会通过学术自由政策的调整以期适应新的学术环境。

Since the 1980s，the Neoliberal political tendencies have encouraged the universities and the industry to strengthen collaboration. The universities obtain the exterior income through the research and technology transfer to meet the requirements of their enterprise partners. Berkeley-Novartis agreement did not perform the due process. The Berkeley faculties and students have objected and debated the agreement for many years. The Novartis case involves some new problems about academic freedom，such as the purpose of academic research，the institutional base of academic freedom and the right of academic affairs. University of California and AAUP revised the academic freedom policy to accommodate the new academic environment.