基于成效的远程开放非正规教育项目质量保证

Results-based Quality Assurance for Open and Distance Non-formal Education Programmes

非正规教育是一个非常广阔的领域，从成年人扫盲、失学儿童基础教育到生活技能、工作技能、性别平等和社区发展均属非正规教育。非正规教育项目由各种机构负责提供，采用面授、远程开放学习和基于信息通信技术的方法。这些项目如果想得到拨款、支持和好名声，那么它们必须证明能给个人、社区和经济带来好处。这意味着我们必须精心设计和实施质量保证。\r本文介绍一种基于成效的质量保证体系，向非正规教育决策者、筹划者、项目管理人员、一线员工和其它相关各方阐述这种体系的必要性和实施步骤。一般说来，教育领域的质量保证体系关注的是投入，包括投入多少资金、员工和其它资源、提供多少支持服务、开展什么形式的教与学活动等。人们总以为投入越高产出的质量就越高，然而事实并非总是如此。鉴于此，本文提出一种不同的质量保证框架。这个框架既严谨又方便使用，用于评估非正规教育项目的产出、结果和影响。

Non-formal education (NFE) is an extremely wide field， ranging from adult literacy and basic educationfor out-of-school children to life skills， work skills， gender equity and community development. The programmes areprovided by a wide range of organisations and employ a variety of methods ranging from face-to-face to open anddistance learning ( ODL) and applications of information and communications technology ( ICT). For these pro-grammes to receive the funding， support and high reputation that they deserve， they need to be able to evidence thebenefits they bring to individuals， communities and economies. This requires well-designed and well-managed qualityassurance (QA). This article explains to NFE policy makers， planners， programme managers， in-field staff and oth-ers involved in this sector why and how to operate a results-based QA system. QA systems applied in educational con-texts are generally concerned with inputs - how much money and what staffing， resources and support are provided，what kinds of teaching and learning are involved， and so on. There is an assumption - which is not always fulfilled- that the higher the quality of the inputs， the higher the quality of the outputs. In this article， a different approachis proposed: a rigorous but simple-to-use QA framework for evaluating the outcomes， outputs and impacts.