不同类型高校本科生源质量的实证研究———基于“国家大学生学习情况调查”的数据分析

An Empirical Study on the Quality of Undergraduate Enrollment at Different Types of Colleges： Based on the Data of NCSS 2012

高等教育大众化背景下，对高校生源质量的评价应转向对公平性和适切性的追求；公平性强调高等教育入学机会的获得不受除能力以外的因素影响，适切性关注学生发展需求与学校定位的匹配程度。使用国家大学生学习情况调查的数据分析不同类型高校生源质量的公平性和适切性，结果发现：“985”院校和“211”院校更加注重以高考成绩为表征的学生能力，一般本科院校在能力的基础上关注弱势群体的成效更加显著；各类高校生源质量均在一定程度上体现了适切性的要求。研究建议：未来需要更加关注高考对于学生大学预备能力的检测，“985”院校和“211”院校的生源质量需在能力的基础上提高对弱势群体的关注，各类院校均应结合学校定位和生源质量的特征对学生生涯发展提供恰当的全过程指导。

In the era of higher education popularization， the quality evaluation of undergraduate enrollment should focus on the pursuit of fairness and appropriateness. Fairness emphasizes that access to higher education is not based on factors other than ability， while appropriateness refers to the alignment of student development needs with the positioning of college. The data of National College Student Survey (NCSS) has been analyzed with multilogistic regression model. Key findings are summarized as follows: ‘Project 985’universities and ‘Project 211’ universities attach greater importance to college entrance examination scores for student ability， while general colleges focus more on vulnerable groups. All three types of colleges reflect the appropriateness to a certain extent. Three policy recommendations are put forward based on the pervious findings.