“过重课业负担”是概念，还是判断？——针对“过负”(1)概念及其直接目的的探讨

Overweight Lesson Burden is A Concept or Judge ： Explore the concept of Overweight Lesson Burden and its direct purpose

有关“过负”问题的研究，浩瀚无穷，但它是一个概念，还是一个判断，则始终没有提出过。这个缺失，直接制约了减负研究的深入，对减负政策及其实践都带来不利影响。本文认为，“过负”是概念与判断的复合体，但首先应作为一个概念来揭示，因为它应对着一种独立的社会现象和教育现象，它不是能在“课业” “学业”或“课程”范畴中，可加以揭示和刻画的现象或问题。“过负”内涵，可以归结为四点：外驱化、高压化、片面化和高耗化。相应地，减负直接目的或目标由此归结为三个:保护或维护好儿童的身心材质这一民族的最根本的天赋资源；保障和落实儿童权利和权益;给儿童或学生留出自我发展或自主发展的必要时空。减负的这三大目的或目标，同时也体现为向“建设现代社会和现代教育”这一最终目标的努力和驱近。

Although the research on the problem of ＂ overweight lesson burden＂ are vast boundless，but it is a concept，or a judge， has not proposed which restricted the students study burden policy and its practice. This paper argues that the ” overweight lesson burden＂ is a complex of concept and judgment， and should be revealed as a concept at first， for it deals with a kind of independent social phenomenon and the phenomenon of education. As well as，it is can not be revealed and depict the phenomenon or problem by ＂ academic＂ or M course＂ . The connotation of ＂ overweight lesson burden＂ connotation， can be summed up in four points ： displacement， high pressure，one - sided and high consumption. Accordingly，the direct purpose or goals can be down to three ： to protect or maintain our children physical and mental material which is the nations most fundamental talent resources； to protect our children rights and interests ；to set aside personal development or independent development need time and space for our children or students. These purposes or goals of ＂ overweight lesson burden＂，also is the ultimate goal of ＂ construction of modem society and modern education＂.