探析全球化时代高等教育的几种理论视角

Theoretical Perspectives for Analyzing Higher Education in a Globalizing Age

伯顿•克拉克提出的“国家、市场和学术权威三角协调模式”是分析和比较各国高等教育系统的经典模式。但是，在全球化进程不断深入的今天，高等教育所处的外部环境已经发生了深刻变革：不再仅仅受制于本国政府和市场，而被置于国际组织、本国政府和全球市场等更加广阔的视域内；这一转变也催生了新的高等教育研究理论视角。本文主要介绍了四种新的理论视角：以新制度主义为基础的高等教育同质化理论视角；以策略选择和转化理论为基础的高等教育异质化理论视角；调和同质化和异质化之争的“组织的同质异晶”理论视角和“全球国家地方机构”理论视角。

The triangular(nation-state,market,and academic authority)coordination model,proposed in 1983by Burton Clark,a well-known US higher education expert,is the classic model for analyzing and comparing national higher education systems.However,in today’s increasingly globalizing world,higher education has undergone profound changes in its external environment?it is no longer subject only to the national government and market,but rather placed within the broader realm of international organizations and the global market as well as the national government.This shift has spawned new theoretical perspectives for analyzing higher education systems in a globalizing age.This paper introduced four of the perspectives:homogenization of higher education based on neo-institutionalism, heterogeneity of higher education based on the strategy selection and transformation theory,organizational allomorphism based on linguistics and aiming to reconcile homogenization with heterogeneity, and glonacal agency heuristic put forward by Simon Marginson,an Australian expert on higher education.