城乡中小学布局结构变化之路径解析与价值研判

Value Judgment and Path Analysis of Structural Changes in Urban and Rural Schools

我国实施新一轮基础教育改革十余年以来，发达城市和广大农村地区义务教育阶段中小学结构布局变化呈现不同特征：城市大力推动小班化教育以促进学校内部结构的优化；农村则通过布局调整实现规模化办学的目标。究其原因，发达城市雄厚的经济资本与小班化教育理念有机结合，而落后地区财政困难的现实与规模效益理论互为依托。不可忽视的结果是“小班共识”成为城市拒绝外来务工者子女享受优质教育资源的制度屏障，而规模效益理论则成为农村学校维持大班额教学的“科学依据”。农村儿童不论是留守在农村还是迁徙进城市，其教育不公平的境遇没有发生实质性的改变。树立城乡一体化的理念，城市推行的小班化教育要具有包容性，而农村学校的布局调整应以小班精神为指引，基础教育均衡发展的目标才有望实现。

Since the implementation of the new round of basic education reform around the turn of the century,the structural changes in compulsory education have taken on different characteristics in developed cities and rural areas.To optimize the internal structure of primary and secondary schools, the governments in developed cities have been vigorously promoting small class sizes.As a result,however, these urban schools may turn down migrant workers’children.Meanwhile,the authorities in rural areas have increased class size to achieve economies of scale.Consequently,the inequality in education for rural children remains essentially unchanged,whether these children stay in the country or migrate to cities.Urban schools,while striving to reduce class size,should be more accommodating to migrating children.At the same time,the structural adjustment in rural schools should be oriented toward reducing class size.Only in this way can the goal of balanced development of basic education in urban and rural areas be attained.