农村地区家庭社会资本与学生学业成就——中国城镇化背景下西部农村小学的经验研究

Family Social Capital and Student Academic Achievements in Rural Areas——Experience Research Based on the Compulsory Education Development in Rural Areas in Western China

文章根据中国西部五省农村地区小学生追踪调查数据，运用增值性评价方法，构建多水平回归计量模型，研究家庭社会资本对子女学业成就的影响效应。研究结果表明：在义务教育以“强制性”和“免费性”为特征的教育体制下，农村家庭社会经济背景因素对孩子教育成就的影响效应明显，家庭社会资本占有量越多、质量越高，其子女受教育状况越好、学业产出越好，也更能享受到学校办学条件改善带来的收益；同时，城镇化进程中，劳动力流动带来农村家庭社会资本的变化，并对农村青少年学校教育产生影响。因此，在设计教育体制机制改革及其实施过程中，社会管理和教育管理部门应重视家庭社会资本要素，根据农村家庭社会资本的现实状况进行合理干预。

Based on tracking survey data of primary school students from rural areas in five provinces in Western China,this paper evaluates the impact of family social capital on student academic achievements, employing the value-added method and multilevel regression models.The results indicate that,under the free,compulsory education system and with the school experiment jointly burdened by governments at all levels,the family social economic background plays an important role in children's educational output.The more and the higher quality social capital a family has,the higher the children's academic achievements and the more the children can enjoy the benefits of school condition improvement. The research results suggest that,in the process of education reform,the social management and the educational management should devote much attention to family social capital and make interventions when necessary according to the social capital reality in rural families.