研究生学术能力：一个基于政策文本分析的理论框架

Academic Ability of Postgraduates:A Theoretical Framework Based on the Analysis of Policy Documents

近些年来录用研究生的用人单位对这些毕业生的能力提出诸多质疑，这引起了大学的反思。本研究从对中国研究生培养的政策文本入手，分析官方文件中规定的研究生需要培养的能力，基于对这些能力的编码分析以及研究者个人的反思和经验研究，建构出一个关于学术组织培养研究生的学术能力的理论框架，认为学术能力涉及与学科、研究以及实践三个维度相关的能力。本文也指出，在开放的学术组织的环境中，诸如学术文化、学术职业、学术理念等许多因素会对研究生产生影响，进而影响三个维度的学术能力的形成与发展。

Postgraduate enrollments have been rapidly increasing since the implementation of the higher education expansion policy in the late 1990s.However,the ability of the postgraduates has been sharply criticized by their employers,which should prompt reflection by universities.The present study examines the academic abilities that universities aim to develop in their postgraduates.Employing the document analysis method and based on an analysis of official documents from the government and from a university,the paper proposes a theoretical framework of academic abilities,involving basic social disciplinary application,research,and practice.It also discusses factors that may influence the development of academic abilities,such as academic culture,peer group,and academic career.