美国高等教育全球化的政策与实践

Globalization of Higher Education in America: Policies and Practices

第二次世界大战结束以来，美国高等教育国际化政策经历了从促进交流到提升全球竞争力共三个阶段的变化。与此同时，在分权体制、市场激励和"第三部门"的积极推动下，各高等教育机构的自主行动超越了政治边界，演变成今日的全球化趋势。美国高等教育在巨大的张力空间中获得发展的动力，成为全球化的主要推动者和最大受益者，同时也凸显了美国式高等教育全球化的问题和局限。

Since the end of the Second World War，American internationalization of higher education policy has gone through three stages of change from facilitating exchange to enhancing global competitiveness. At the same time，drawing support from decentralization，marketization，and“the third sectors”，the voluntary action of the various institutions of higher education goes beyond political boundaries，and has evolved into today's trend of globalization. American higher education gains momentum for development in the huge space of tension，and becomes the main promoters and the biggest beneficiary of globalization，but also highlights the problems and limitations of American-style globalization of higher education.