从中美家长择校倾向的差异看教育改革路向

A Study on the Orientation of School Choice by Chinese and American Parents and the Direction of Chinese Educational Reform

择校是中美两国教育的共同现象，但两国家长的择校倾向却有明显差异。作者通过对103 位中美家长（中国57 位、美国46 位）的问卷调查发现，中国家长100%认为择校很有必要，重点学校是所有家长的首选目标，对择校的弊端几乎不加考虑；而美国家长认为择校有必要的只有39%，选择对象也比较分散，私立学校、特许学校，甚至家庭私塾都可能是首选，对择校的弊端也有较高的警惕性，认为适合孩子特征和能力发展的学校才是最好的学校。通过对中美家长择校倾向的比较分析，对我国深化教育改革、缓解择校现象可以得到启示。

The issue of choosing schools exists in both the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. However, significant differences exist in the orientation of school choice between Chinese and American parents. The authors of this article surveyed 103 parents in the two countries，57 Chinese and 46 American. The result showed that 100% of the Chinese parents believed that school choice was necessary for their children，and most of them considered only elite public schools as their first choice while ignoring disadvantages of choosing them. However，only 39% of American parents believed it was necessary to choose schools，and they opted for various types，including private schools，charter schools or even home-schooling. In addition，many of them were keenly aware of the disadvantages of choosing elite schools，believing that the best choices were those which could best suit their children's particular characteristics and the development of their learning abilities. Based on comparative analysis，the authors drew three implications: First，administering every school well and reducing the gaps between them was fundamental to solve the problems in school choice. Second，forming more insightful concepts of education and an outlook on talents could help to avoid blind school choice. Third， developing students' competence was an important driving force for getting rid of dependence on school choice.