推进学生发展的“金钥匙”计划为何半途而废？——美俄两种发展学校教育模式兴衰的启示

Why the "golden key" plans of promoting the development ofstudents are given up halfway?——Inspiration from the two development models of school education in Russia and America

20 世纪末出现于俄罗斯的“金钥匙”计划和美国的瑟谷学校均以维果茨基的发展理论为基础，把推进学生的发展作为目标，在教学组织形式和教学内容上都采取了前所未有的改革。本文通过对两种模式几乎同时出现和先后失败的内在必然性及其创新性的研究，辨析其兴衰成败的原因，或可为认识当今教育改革之路提供借鉴。

The current direction of the educational reform targets at giving each student equal chance for development，which focuses on breaking through the traditional educational theory with knowledge acquisition as its goal. At the end of the twentieth century，the"golden key"plan in Russia and the Sudbury valley school in the United States both used Vygotsky's development theory as the foundation，regarding promoting students' development as the goal and introducing great reforms not only in teaching organization but also in teaching contents. Through the study on the inherent necessity and innovation of the two models which appeared and disappeared almost at the same time，we try to analyze the causes of their success or failure，which is beneficial to seek the efficient way to explore the development of education reform.