北京市四、八年级学生课后补习的代价与收益

A Descriptive Analysis on After-school Tutoring in Beijing:Its Costs and Benefits

"补习"作为家庭为子女课后学习做出的安排，逐渐由个人行为演变为社会现象，并对公共教育产生了深远的影响。和国际上对补习教育的系统研究相比，我国大城市补习现象普遍但调查研究缺乏。针对北京市城区四、八年级课后"补习"的抽样调查说明，小学生课后兴趣班学习的比例高于初中生，但获得相对竞争优势是小学生和初中生课后补习的主要目的。家长对补习教育的热衷来自人类决策行为的缺陷。尽管只有初中生每周一次的数学补习显示了显著效果，但补习仍成为普遍现象，家庭平均每月花费千元用于补习。政策干预家庭补习行为虽然有一定空间，但政策在应对有深厚社会文化基础的家庭行为时有其自身的缺陷，期望以突变的方式更改公众选择不具备合理性。

Tutoring arranged by parents for their children's after-school learning becomes an increasingly popular phenomenon in China and has significant influence on public education.However,compared with the systematic research into after-school tutoring in other countries,there is scant investigation in such phenomenon in China where private tutoring is very popular in big cities.Based on a survey on the after-school tutoring of fourth-and eighth-grade students in Beijing,this study found that(1)there were more primary school students attending interest-based after-school classes than junior high school students;but the main intention for after-school classes were to improve children's competitiveness;(2)the popularity of after-school tutoring showed the defect in decision making among parents.Although improvement was only found among junior high students who attended after-school math classes once per week,after-school tutoring was popular and cost each family more than one thousand yuan per month on average.Even though public policy could play a role in interfering the after-school tutoring,it has disadvantage in coping with family behaviors deeply rooted in the social traditions.It is unreasonable to expect to change parents'behaviors in a sudden way.