1793- 1896 年法国大学断层分析——基于教育生态学的视角

An Analysis of the Fault Age of Universities in France from 1793 to 1896 in the Perspective of Educational Ecology

法国作为欧洲大学发源地之一，其大学发展经历了中世纪之辉煌、近代之残缺以及现代之涅槃三个历史阶段。用阿什比教育生态学的观点剖析上述历史阶段发现：法国大学是遗传与环境双因素作用的结果；中世纪大学创造辉煌的原因在于能够不断调节自身以适应多元化的社会需求；近代大学产生断层则是由于不能够很好地适应法国大革命的巨变；现代大学的重新崛起因受到历史断层期的影响而举步维艰。历史再次证明，大学的变革应当采取渐进式，突变的方式最终会损害大学的长远发展。

As one of the birthplace of European universities, the French university has experienced splendor, incompleteness and rebirth in the three historical stages. From the view of Ashby's educational ecology, it is found that: The French university originates from inheritance and environment; The medieval university's success lies in the ability to continuously adjust itself to the needs of society; The fault age of university is the result of not being well adapted to the French Revolution; The modern university's resurgence is subject to historical fault age, so its development is very slow. It has been proved that the reform of university should adopt the progressive way, while the cataclysmic way will eventually damage the long-term development of university.