从结构到文化——家庭背景与高等教育升学研究述评

From Structure to Culture: A Literature Review on the Family Background and Higher Education Access

家庭背景对教育的影响可以从两个路向进行分析：一是以阶级结构为起点，研究家庭背景对教育机会或教育取得的影响；二是以阶级文化为起点，通过阶级行动和策略研究家庭背景对教育取得的影响过程。国内现有关于家庭背景与高等教育的实证研究多采用第一种研究路向。在对国内外相关领域的理论和实证研究进行文献综述的基础上，本文提出家庭背景与高等教育升学研究的新方向，即采用质的研究方法探究高等教育升学决策过程中家庭背景的影响。

There are two approaches to analyze the effect of family background on education. On the one hand, we can investigate the relation between class structure and education attainment, usually with quantitative method. On the other hand, based on class culture, we can analyze the class practice and strategy as a process. As to the research on the family background and higher education in China, most studies followed the first approach. Based on the review of theoretical and empirical research at home and abroad, this article indicates the new direction. Qualitative research is needed to investigate the process of higher education choice.