缩短新手教师到专家教师的成长距离———来自戈夫曼之“拟剧论”的启示

Shortening the Growth Span of the Novice Teachers to Become Expert Teachers———The Revelation from Goffman's Dramaturgical Theory

新手教师要缩短到专家教师的成长距离，需要更快地掌握教育教学知识和技能，这既需要“顿悟”，也需要长期积累沉淀。戈夫曼的“拟剧论”之教育互动对于教师专业成长具有“顿悟”意义。新手教师成为专家教师需要打造好第一印象，做好日常的印象管理；需要在“神秘化”和“去神秘化”之间以及“一视同仁”和“区别对待”之间寻求平衡的支点；需要运用好师生互动的规则，必要之时可以再造规则；需要把握好表演和“做作”之间的边际，在长期的坚持中寻求着力点。

Novice teachers need to master the teaching knowledge and skills quickly for shortening the developing period to become expert teachers .This requires not only the "epiphany", but also long- term accumulation of precipitation. Goffman's drama- turgical theory has the meaning of "epiphany" for professional development of teachers in education interactive. Fromnovice teachers to expert teachers needs to create a good first impression and do a daily impression management; need to seek a balanced fulcrum between the "mystification" and "demystification", between "equal treatment" and "differential treatment"；need to use the rules of teacher- student interaction reasonably, and, if necessary, they can recreate the rules；need to grasp the margin between the performance and contrived, and to seek a focal point in the long-term insistence.