南非教师国际流动探析

Exploration of International Migration of Teachers in South Africa

在全球化时代，教师国际流动为南非教育发展带来了机遇和挑战。20世纪90年代，教师国际流动很大程度上缓解了南非国内教师的就业压力，但也导致其优质教育的流失。21世纪初，教师国际流动使得南非教师短缺现象更为严重。南非教师国际流动有“推力与拉力”双重因素。其动因主要包括“国际教师劳动力供求失衡、经济因素以及教育政策、政治和社会安全等非经济因素”。南非本土教师国际流动的对策关键在于政府能否掌握话语权，为教师国际流动制定必要的协议以保护自身的利益。以南非为首的非洲国家需要协调好全球化与民族主义之间的关系，从而达到利用全球化优化师资、教育理念与教育制度，并用爱国主义等方式吸引智力回流。

Abstract：In the era of globalization, the international migration of teachers is great opportunities and challenges for the development of education in South Africa. In the 1990s, international teacher migration largely alleviated the pressure of domestic employment of teachers in South Africa, but also resulted in the loss of quality education. At the beginning of the 21st century, the international flowof teachers made teacher shortage more serious in South Africa. International teacher migration in South African includes two factors：the influence of push and pull. The motivation mainly includes three factors: disequilibrium of international teachers' labor in supply and demand, salaries, as well as education policy, politics and social security and other non- economic factors. The key measure of local teacher migration in South Africa lies in the Government's ability to have the discourse right in the field of international migration of teachers to make the necessary protocols in order to protect their own interests.