美国教师教育大学化转型述评

Review on the Transitions of Universitization of Teacher Educationin the USA

美国教师教育大学化转型主要包括从师范学校到综合大学教育学院、从独立师范学院或师范大学到综合大学、大学设立教育学院三种形式。美国教师教育大学化转型一方面拓展了教师教育的职能和层次，强化了教师教育中通识课程的比重，促进了教师个体发展和专业发展，推动了教育学科的规范化；另一方面，美国教师教育大学化转型也导致教师教育的边缘化和身份丢失，这引起了人们对教师教育大学化转型有效性的反思。

The transition of universitization of the teacher education in the USA included three approaches: the development fromnormal school to normal college or university school of education；the evolution from dependent normal college or normal university to university；the establishment of university school of education. The transformation of teacher education in the USA expanded normal education function, enhanced school of teacher education liberal arts education, promoted teachers professional development, and made pedagogy standardization. But this transition also caused the marginalization of teacher education and were queried about the validity of teacher education.