國中生自我效能、壓力因應策略與憂鬱之相關研究

A Study on Self-Efficacy%2C Coping Strategies and Depression of Teenagers

本研究目的在探討國中生自我效能、壓力因應策略與憂鬱傾向之相關探究。研究採問卷調查法，以「分層隨機抽樣」，共抽取台灣中南部七所國中，合計 15 個班級一至三年級國中生為研究對象進行問卷調查，共得有效樣本 461 名。使用研究工具為「自我效能量表」、「壓力因應策略量表」、及「憂鬱量表」，所得資料以單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson 積差相關、結構方程模式等統計方法，進行各項考驗分析，最後得到之研究結果如下：1、不同性別之國中生於自我效能、壓力因應策略與憂鬱之整體差異性達顯著，且女生在上述變項的平均分數皆高過於男生的平均分數。\r2、不同家庭結構的國中生在憂鬱變項達顯著差異，不完整家庭結構之憂鬱分數顯著高過完整家庭結構。\r3、不同程度之自我效能與壓力因應策略與其憂鬱達到顯著差異，事後比較發現自我效能與壓力因應策略低分組的國中生之憂鬱高於其他組別。4、自我效能、壓力因應策略與憂鬱具有顯著的負相關。5、使用結構方程模式統計學理，驗證本研究所提出之自我效能、壓力因應策略與憂鬱因果關係模式是可以被接受的。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of self-efficacy， coping strategies and depression among with teenagers. The research method of this study was through questionnaires. Applied instruments include: Self-Efficacy Scale， Coping Strategies Scale and Depression Scale. In total， 461 student surveys from eight different junior high schools were collected as samples. Data obtained were analyzed by one way MANOVA， Pearson correlation and Structural Equation Model. Major findings of this study includes: (1)Significant statistical contrast between genders in terms of self efficacy， coping strategies anddepression. (2)Family frame showed statistical significance in depression; junior high school students in incomplete family structure experience higher depression than those in complete family structure. (3)Depression is higher when self-efficacy and coping strategies lowered.(4)The self-efficacy and coping strategies had significant negative correlation with depression.(5) According to the theory of structural equation modeling based on latent variables， the theoretical cause-and-effect model among self-efficacy， coping strategies and depression postulated in this study was shown to be tenable.