幼兒園家長對幼兒品格之教養觀與教養策略探究

The Perspectives and Teaching Strategies on Young Children's Character Abilities for the Parents

家庭是幼兒品格養成的首要環境，同時，台灣的幼教有多元的課程模式，在此背景下，本研究之主要目的一為瞭解蒙特梭利園所與非蒙特梭利園所之家長對幼兒品格能力之教養觀與教養策略之異同；另一則希望分析此現象背後的相關因素。採質性研究方式進行，以滾雪球方式取樣，深度訪談八位蒙特梭利幼兒園之家長、六位非蒙特梭利幼兒園之家長，收集資料以訪談為主、問卷資料為輔。結果歸納如下：\r一、家長選擇子女在蒙特梭利園所就讀的原因首要是口碑與認同其教學法，而非蒙特梭利幼兒園的家長選擇園所的原因則多以園所績優、自己工作接送方便為主，其次是收托經費較低。\r二、所有家長認為品格內涵都很重要，對幼兒的品格要求以與自己有關的為重。但是家長對蒙特梭利教學法越認同者，其教養幼兒品格越有信心。三、家長對幼兒良好品格行為的養成，採多元並進的教養策略，包括：機會教育、透過獎懲、以身作則、閱讀繪本、訴諸權威人物等。就課程模式而言，蒙特梭利教學重視幼兒內在的滿足，受訪之該幼兒園家長多數也不傾向給孩子外在的物質獎勵，而就讀非蒙特梭利園所的幼兒家長則較常透過集點制度，使用物質獎勵以要求幼兒達到品格行為，這似乎是兩種課程模式的幼兒家長在教養幼兒品格行為時最大的差異。\r四、與家長的品格教養觀或教養策略其他的因素，包括家長對幼兒品格教養的參考依據、受訪者的原生家庭價值觀與教養經驗、個人的教養經驗、以及家庭成員的互動等。專家學者的教養觀點、原生家庭傳遞的良好品格價值觀、自己成功的教養經驗，以及教養孩子時，配偶或長輩的介入或支持與否，會成為家長在教養幼兒品格過程時重要的考量因素。

It is long believed that family plays a primary role to enrich children's character abilities. Most parents agree that their perspectives about moral values are influential for their children. Meanwhile， a variety of curriculum models provided in current Taiwan early childhood education enterprise has gradually become a selling point in the competitive market. Therefore， the investigator is interested to explore if parents' perspectives and parenting strategies differ by various early childhood education curriculum models to cultivate children's character. The main purposes of the study is to compare parental perspectives and strategies， in terms of children's character formation， on parents of children study in Montessori preschools and non-Montessori preschools. Another research purpose is to identify the critical individual factors stemming from the comparison implications. This is a qualitative research and the research data was mainly collected through individual semi-structured interviews from 8 parents of Montessori preschools and 6 parents from non-Montessori preschools. A researcher-designed survey investigation of ＂Questionnaire on Parents and Teaching Strategies on Young Children's Character Education＂ was also conducted to collect parents' opinions. The major findings of this study include:1.Parents’ decision of sending their children to Montessori preschools primarily because of the public praise for the settings. Especially， the more knowledge the parents had about Montessori curriculum， the more agreement they had toward Montessori methods， and the more confident they felt to parenting their children's character. 2.Most parents recognized the significant values of character education. They particularly stressed the character traits related to personal development.3.Parents conducted a variety of parenting strategies to cultivate their children's character including: accidental learning， rewards and punishments， social-model learning， storybook reading， and resorting to authority， etc. While the interviewed parents of children in Montessori preschools stated engaging less material rewards strategies， the parents of children in non-Montessori preschools were more likely to apply token strategies to reinforce children for certain character development.4.Other factors may also influenced parents' perspectives and strategies about cultivating children's character including: parenting references， the moral values and experiences from original family， their parenting experiences of other children， and their interaction between among family members. Results were discussed， and suggestions were provided.