HPS 科学教育范式在科技博物馆教育中的实践

The Practice of HPS Educational Model in Science Museum

科技博物馆作为有能力提供大量实物和感性认识的知识殿堂，作为学校教育的延伸和社 会成员终身教育的孵化基地，它有优势也有教育职责引导社会成员建立起更为全面的科学观和知识 观。然而与西方发达国家相比，我国博物馆的教育职能还远远没有得到充分的发挥，博物馆教育有 名无实的现象比比皆是。相比学校教育大量课堂教学模式、教学方法的研究，国内科技博物馆中的 科学教育实践尚处在起步探索阶段，西方诸多科技博物馆在实践中探索性地融合了科学史、科学哲 学与科学社会学（简称HPS）科学教育范式，以理解科学本质、反映科学文化为目标，强调科学的社 会功能，有力地促进了博物馆科学教育功能的发挥，有效地衔接了学校与博物馆之间的教育功能， 这为我们提供了可借鉴的模式。

Science museum, as the palace that is able to offer great amount of objects and perceptual knowledge and as the continuation of school education and lifelong education, has the advantage and obligation to guide the public in setting up complete view of science and knowledge. However, compared with the developed countries in west, the function of education in Chinese museum has not been fully played. In addition, compared with the diverse way of teaching in school, the science education in Chinese museums are still at initial stage. Many science museums try to combine the HPS education model with their science education, making the public understand the essence and culture of the science, and emphasizing the social function of science, which may efficiently promote the function of education and connect the school to museum.