高等学校专业评估制度的国际比较研究——以法国、英国、美国和日本为例

A Comparative Study on the Program Assessment Systems of Higher Education Institutions Taking France, Britain, America and Japan as Examples

在专业评估主体上，法国和英国是政府主导型，以政府主导的机构为评估主体；美国是社会主导型，以社会上的教育中介组织为评估主体；日本是多元主体型，以政府主导的机构和教育中介组织共同担任评估主体。政府主导的评估机构所制定的专业评估标准更加宏观，其专业评估活动是强制性的，并要向社会公布评估报告；教育中介性评估机构制定的标准更加具体，其评估活动是自愿参加的，通常只向社会公布评估结果。虽然有上述差别，但各国的专业评估都尊重教育的内在价值，在评估主体、评估标准和运行机制上也表现出了一些共同特征。

In the aspect of program assessment subjects, France and Britain are government directed, whose assessment subjects are government directed institutions. America is society directed, whose assessment subjects are educational intermediary institutions. Japan is multi-subject,whose assessment subjects include both government directed institutions and educational intermediary institutions. Government directed institutions' program assessment standards are macro, whose assessment activities are compulsory with the reports open to the public. Educational intermediary institutions' program assessment standards are concrete,whose assessment activities are voluntary with only the results open to the public. However, these countries' program assessments all respect the internal value of education and show some common features on assessment subjects, assessment standards and operational mechanisms.